CITI #2 Flashcards Questions with Answers

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A .Tightly controlled experiments reside at the top, regardless of the EBP question.
B .Qualitative studies are the most likely to reside at the top for most EBP questions.
C .Where a type of study resides on a research hierarchy depends on the type of EBP question being asked.
D .All types of research designs are relevant to all types of EBP questions.

A .They are just as likely to employ tightly controlled, inflexible designs as are quantitative studies.
B .They tend to employ flexible designs and subjective methods—often with small samples of research participants—in seeking to generate tentative new insights, deep understandings, and theoretically rich observations.
C .They are devalued in EBP.
D .They are most applicable when we seek to determine whether a particular intervention is really the cause of a particular outcome.
E .Both b and c are true

A .we must make sure that the change preceded the onset of the intervention
B .it is sufficient to know that the intervention is correlated with the change.
C .we must ascertain whether the change is correlated with the intervention, learn that it did not precede the intervention, and eliminate plausible alternative explanations for the change.
D .rely on studies that avoided the use of random assignment to treatment conditions.

A .reside at the top of the evidentiary hierarchy for answering EBP questions about the effectiveness of interventions, programs, or policies.
B .reside below randomized experiments because they take replications into account.
C .are identical, regardless of what statistics they employ.
D .are all unbiased and of equal quality
E .a, c, and d are all true.

A .Some scholars reject the pursuit of a knowable objective reality.
B .Some scholars argue that even though every individual has his or her own subjective take on social reality, it still is worth trying to minimize bias in research.
C .Some scholars have depicted the notion that just because perfect objectivity is an unattainable ideal we should therefore not even try to minimize bias in research as fashionable nonsense.
D .Some scholars have critiqued relativism as logically self-contradictory because if all views of social reality are equally valid, then how can relativists proclaim their view as the most correct one?
E .All of the above.

A .They can shed light on the external validity of the findings of an individual study.
B .They can help make sense out of a bewildering array of findings from different types of studies that produced inconsistent results.
C .They can apply statistical techniques that merge the findings of many different studies.
D .All of the above.

A .It was formed in recognition of the poor quality of some of the earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses being published
B .It provides a Web site with information on critically appraising systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
C .Its checklist includes a section on the funding of the systematic review or meta-analysis.
D .All of the above.